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Working Principle · Schematic

Equipment Guide · Steering Gear

Steering Gear — How a Helm Order Becomes Rudder Angle

Turn the wheel on the bridge and, far aft over the rudder stock, a hydraulic machine quietly puts tonnes of force on the tiller until the blade matches your order — then stops itself. Tap a step or press "Play" to follow the order from the wheel, down the signal, through the two power units and the rams to the rudder, and back along the feedback link that closes the loop. Then take the simulator: feel the difference between follow-up steering, a single pump, and the NFU lever that never stops the rudder for you.

helm → rudder: order = signal · force = hydraulics
bridge steering gear flat HARD-OVER RULE (MAIN GEAR) 35° → 30° opposite ≤ 28 s 65° ÷ 28 s ≈ 2.3 °/s · loaded wheel — sets the order only HELM ORDER STBD 10° control signal 2 independent circuits No.1 unit — running No.2 — standby oil PLAN VIEW · ram type rams push the tiller feedback (hunting gear) — strokes the pump to zero rudder stock waterline rudder rudder angle ind. NFU lever trick wheel — steer from the flat
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The wheel is not the muscle

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Key —
Tap a step
The 28-second rule — timed with the blade under load35° → 30° ≤ 28 s
Common mistakeproving the gear alongside — unloaded, any gear swings easily and "passes". The rule is defined at deepest draught + maximum ahead speed, with the water fighting the rams.

Time it yourself at the pre-departure test: put the rudder hard-over 35° one side, order 35° the other, start the stopwatch — and stop it as the indicator passes 30° on the opposite side. On one power unit that must take no more than 28 seconds; that is 65° of travel at an average of about 2.3°/s. The clock stops at 30°, not 35°, for a good reason: the feedback link strokes the pump back as the rudder approaches the order, so the last few degrees arrive asymptotically and would make the timing meaningless. The auxiliary means of steering has its own gentler figure — 15° to 15° within 60 seconds at half the maximum speed, or 7 knots, whichever is greater. A healthy gear alongside does all of this comfortably; what the rule actually guards is the loaded case at sea — the collision-avoidance swing that must always be there.

Working principle — explained in our own plain words with our own schematic from general marine knowledge (not copied from any OEM manual). Conceptual; varies by ship/model. Reviewed and verified by a Master Mariner.