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Working Principle · Schematic

Equipment Guide · Crude Oil Washing

Crude Oil Washing — How COW Cleans the Tank

Crude Oil Washing (COW) cleans a cargo tank with the cargo itself. Instead of hosing sludge out with water and making slops, high-pressure jets of the crude re-dissolve the clingage off the structure so it drains away with the outturn. Tap a step or press "Play" to follow a wash program — see how much of the tank you wash and how often, how the crude is piped from the pump to each machine, and how a stage is programmed in degrees and timed to the minute.

Tank O₂ · wash pressure: O₂ 20.9% · pre-wash
Pump room ↑ to shore / manifold discharge crossover Cargo / wash pump forward deck COW wash main COW master valve tank isolating valve one valve + machine per tank upper structure lower structure tank structure — clingage film inert gas · O₂ < 8% COW machine 0° down 60° 120° 180° up MACHINE RUN TIME t = arc° ÷ ( pitch × speed ) e.g. 60° ÷ (3 × 1.2) ≈ 17 min / machine high-pressure crude jets suction well (aft) washings run aft → stern trim
Step 1 / 10

Why wash with crude?

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Key —
Tap a step
The 25% rule — worked example5 / 17 tanks ≈ 25%
Common mistake4.25 ≠ 4 — you can't wash a quarter of a tank; round UP to 5

A 17-tank VLCC on a ballast voyage crude-oil-washes about 25% of its cargo tanks for sludge control. A quarter of 17 is 4.25 — and because you cannot wash a fraction of a tank, you always round UP to 5. Washing only 4 is a common slip that leaves you short of the requirement. The next ballast voyage takes the next batch, and so on, so all seventeen come around inside about four voyages ≈ four months — exactly the MARPOL ceiling no tank may exceed. Any tank about to load departure ballast is pulled forward and washed first, whatever the rota says.

Working principle — explained in our own plain words with our own schematic from general marine knowledge (not copied from any OEM manual). Conceptual; varies by ship/model. Reviewed and verified by a Master Mariner.